Redshift and blueshift are used by astronomers to work out how far an object is from Earth. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

A recent study provides answers to three seemingly disparate yet pressing cosmic dawn puzzles. Specifically, the authors show ...

Imagine the ultimate version of a toy Universe: it's expanding, it's full of material, and through it all, there's one photon ⁠— or quantum of light ⁠— that we keep track of and forbid from ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. The light you see, when you look out at the stars and galaxies that ...

Morin, L.R.M. (2026) Conjecture on Cosmological Redshift: Action Instead of Velocity, No Need for Dark Energy. Journal of ...

Over the past decade, the availability of a new generation of ground- and space-based instruments has transformed our understanding of early galaxies. Before this, observational studies of the ...