Quantum thermodynamics has emerged as an innovative field that integrates the principles of quantum mechanics with classical thermodynamic concepts to describe systems beyond equilibrium. Central to ...

The second law of thermodynamics says, in simple terms, entropy always increases. This principle explains, for example, why you can't unscramble an egg. When you purchase through links on our site, we ...

Entropy, introduced by Rudolf Clausius in 1865, is a way to quantify the amount of energy dispersion within a system. It reflects how energy, whether thermal or chemical, becomes more scattered ...

Though a cornerstone of thermodynamics, entropy remains one of the most vexing concepts to teach budding physicists in the classroom. Physics teachers designed a hand-held model to demonstrate the ...

Pity the poor thermodynamics student of the future. As difficult as thermo can be for budding engineers to learn, it is going to get a lot more complicated if a recently published theory is true.

According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero when the temperature of the crystal is equal to absolute zero (0 kelvin). When you purchase through links on our ...

Nernst's theorem—a general experimental observation presented in 1905 that entropy exchanges tend to zero when the temperature tends to zero—has been directly linked to the second principle of ...

Behind the veil: A black hole's event horizon contains an infinite number of microstates, but expressing these microstates in terms of a finite set of representative quantum superpositions makes it ...