In previous columns we’ve looked at TTL and CMOS logic devices in isolation. Things start to become interesting if we wish to use TTL and CMOS components in the same circuit. In previous columns we’ve ...

Pity the poor TTL computer aficionado. It’s an obsession, really — using discrete logic chips to scratch-build a computer that would probably compare unfavorably to an 80s era 8-bit machine in terms ...

The history and continued need of small-scale integration ICs for digital-logic functions. How a serial-input/parallel-output shift register can expand I/O pins while ...

Over time many of us accumulate a stock of components, including logic IC's (TTL and CMOS). If you're anything like me, many of these will be secondhand - salvaged from old projects and PCBs. The ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

In some cases, newer releases of data sheets contain less information than their counterparts from yesteryear. Does this make anyone else wonder if we’re really making progress? In some cases, newer ...