Probability theory forms the mathematical backbone for quantifying uncertainty and random events, providing a rigorous language with which to describe both everyday phenomena and complex scientific ...

Combinatorics and discrete mathematics form a vibrant and expansive branch of modern mathematics, dedicated to the study of finite or countable structures and the methods used to count, classify, and ...

Julie Young is an experienced financial writer and editor. She specializes in financial analysis in capital planning and investment management. Eric's career includes extensive work in both public and ...

Introduces students to ideas and techniques from discrete mathematics that are widely used in science and engineering. Mathematical definitions and proofs are emphasized. Topics include formal logic ...