Now, on to the subject of complex numbers. We have stayed away from this subject until now simply because we did not want to confuse things. Initially, it is easy to think of signals as “real valued.” ...

“There are five fundamental operations in mathematics,” the German mathematician Martin Eichler supposedly said. “Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modular forms.” Part of the joke, ...

Trigonometric identities are powerful tools for simplifying complex equations in math and science. Three core groups—reciprocal, quotient, and Pythagorean—form the foundation. Effective strategies ...

WHAT is the theory of functions about? This question may be heard now and again from a mathematical student; and if, by way of a pattial reply, it be said that the elements of the theory of functions ...